IFC 4.3.2.20251031 (IFC4X3_ADD2) under development

4.1.4.1.4 Spatial Composition

通过聚合空间元素来提供项目的空间结构。空间结构是最终分配给项目的空间元素的层次树。组成是指与更高级别元素的关系(例如,此楼层是建筑物的一部分,或此道路是道路的一部分)。

注意:项目与最高级别空间元素之间的链接通过此概念通过 IfcRelAggregates 提供,而不是通过 IfcRelDeclares 进行声明。这是一个已知的异常,旨在保持与此标准早期版本的兼容性。

项目的空间结构可能由一系列不同的空间结构元素组成,从高到低最通用和最简单的形式如下:IfcProjectIfcSiteIfcFacility(或其任何子类型)、IfcFacilityPart(或建筑物情况下的 IfcBuildingStorey)以及 IfcSpace,其中 IfcSiteIfcFacilityPartIfcSpace 是可选级别。因此,空间结构元素只能是相同或更高级别元素的一部分,但 IfcFacility 除外,它可以是 IfcFacilityPart 的一部分,以允许对更高级别的设施进行区域或纵向划分成可以包含一个或多个较小功能性设施的区域。

在可能的情况下,应使用 IfcFacility 的相关子类型来描述所讨论的空间结构元素。当没有具有预定义或用户定义类型的 IfcFacility 充分子类型时,可以通过在 IfcFacility.ObjectType 中定义的相应且商定的类型标识符来实例化更高级别的通用 IfcFacility 实体。这几乎可以完全覆盖尚未通过特定扩展解决的建筑环境领域和/或场景。

除了已识别的空间结构元素外,IfcSpatialZone 可用于在项目内提供跨领域或功能区域。这些元素通过 Spatial Containment 概念 (IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure) 包含在层次结构中,并且可以像其他空间结构元素一样聚合到功能层次结构中,但有一个限制,即 IfcSpatialZone 只能包含在另一个 IfcSpatialZone 中。

下图展示了应用此概念时使用的通用类和关系。 此外,概念可能对常见或标准化的行业实践和场景具有特殊意义。对于这些特定的使用场景,下表展示了用户可采用的推荐通用使用模式列表。

G IfcSpatialElement_0 IfcSpatialElement 1. GlobalId [1:1] 2. OwnerHistory [0:1] 3. Name [0:1] 4. Description [0:1]      HasAssignments [0:?]      Nests [0:1]      IsNestedBy [0:?]      HasContext [0:1]      IsDecomposedBy [0:?]      Decomposes [0:1]      HasAssociations [0:?] 5. ObjectType [0:1]      IsDeclaredBy [0:1]      Declares [0:?]      IsTypedBy [0:1]      IsDefinedBy [0:?] 6. ObjectPlacement [0:1] 7. Representation [0:1]      ReferencedBy [0:?]      PositionedRelativeTo [0:?]      ReferencedInStructures [0:?] 8. LongName [0:1]      ContainsElements [0:?]      ServicedBySystems [0:?]      ReferencesElements [0:?]      IsInterferedByElements [0:?]      InterferesElements [0:?] <a href='/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcRelAggregates.htm'>IfcRelAggregates</a> IfcRelAggregates 1. GlobalId [1:1] 2. OwnerHistory [0:1] 3. Name [0:1] 4. Description [0:1] RelatingObject 5. RelatingObject [1:1] 6. RelatedObjects [1:?] IfcSpatialElement_0:Decomposes1-><a href='/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcRelAggregates.htm'>IfcRelAggregates</a>:RelatedObjects0 <a href='/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcProject.htm'>IfcProject</a> IfcProject 1. GlobalId [1:1] 2. OwnerHistory [0:1] ProjectName 3. Name [0:1] 4. Description [0:1]      HasAssignments [0:?]      Nests [0:1]      IsNestedBy [0:?]      HasContext [0:1]      IsDecomposedBy [0:?]      Decomposes [0:1]      HasAssociations [0:?] 5. ObjectType [0:1] 6. LongName [0:1] 7. Phase [0:1] 8. RepresentationContexts [1:?] 9. UnitsInContext [0:1]      IsDefinedBy [0:?]      Declares [0:?] <a href='/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcRelAggregates.htm'>IfcRelAggregates</a>:RelatingObject1-><a href='/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcProject.htm'>IfcProject</a>:IfcProject0 IfcSpatialElement_1 IfcSpatialElement 1. GlobalId [1:1] 2. OwnerHistory [0:1] SpatialElementName 3. Name [0:1] 4. Description [0:1]      HasAssignments [0:?]      Nests [0:1]      IsNestedBy [0:?]      HasContext [0:1]      IsDecomposedBy [0:?]      Decomposes [0:1]      HasAssociations [0:?] 5. ObjectType [0:1]      IsDeclaredBy [0:1]      Declares [0:?]      IsTypedBy [0:1]      IsDefinedBy [0:?] 6. ObjectPlacement [0:1] 7. Representation [0:1]      ReferencedBy [0:?]      PositionedRelativeTo [0:?]      ReferencedInStructures [0:?] 8. LongName [0:1]      ContainsElements [0:?]      ServicedBySystems [0:?]      ReferencesElements [0:?]      IsInterferedByElements [0:?]      InterferesElements [0:?] <a href='/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcRelAggregates.htm'>IfcRelAggregates</a>:RelatingObject1->IfcSpatialElement_1:IfcSpatialElement0 IfcLabel_0 IfcLabel <a href='/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcProject.htm'>IfcProject</a>:Name1->IfcLabel_0:IfcLabel0 IfcLabel_1 IfcLabel IfcSpatialElement_1:Name1->IfcLabel_1:IfcLabel0
Figure 4.1.4.1.4.A

General Usage

ApplicableEntity
RelatingObject
IfcRelAggregates.RelatingObject
IfcBridge IfcBridge
IfcBridge IfcProject
IfcBridge IfcSite
IfcBridgePart IfcBridge
IfcBuilding IfcBuilding
IfcBuilding IfcProject
IfcBuilding IfcSite
IfcBuildingStorey IfcBuilding
IfcBuildingStorey IfcBuildingStorey
IfcExternalSpatialElementIfcExternalSpatialElement
IfcExternalSpatialElementIfcProject
IfcExternalSpatialElementIfcSite
IfcFacility IfcFacility
IfcFacility IfcProject
IfcFacility IfcSite
IfcFacilityPartCommon IfcFacility
IfcMarineFacility IfcMarineFacility
IfcMarineFacility IfcProject
IfcMarineFacility IfcSite
IfcMarinePart IfcMarineFacility
IfcRailway IfcProject
IfcRailway IfcRailway
IfcRailway IfcSite
IfcRailwayPart IfcRailway
IfcRoad IfcProject
IfcRoad IfcRoad
IfcRoad IfcSite
IfcRoadPart IfcRoad
IfcSite IfcProject
IfcSite IfcSite
IfcSpace IfcBridge
IfcSpace IfcBridgePart
IfcSpace IfcBuilding
IfcSpace IfcBuildingStorey
IfcSpace IfcFacility
IfcSpace IfcFacilityPartCommon
IfcSpace IfcMarineFacility
IfcSpace IfcMarinePart
IfcSpace IfcProject
IfcSpace IfcRailway
IfcSpace IfcRailwayPart
IfcSpace IfcRoad
IfcSpace IfcRoadPart
IfcSpace IfcSite
IfcSpace IfcSpace
表 4.1.4.1.4.B